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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforEstablishingtheNomenclatureofGround-WaterAquifers
【原文标准名称】:地下蓄水层术语建立的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD6106-1997(2010)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1997
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.21
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:aquifernomenclature;aquifersystems;confiningunits;geologicalnames;ground-water;hydrogeology;rock-stratigraphicunits;Groundwater;Aquifers;Nomenclature;Terminology--groundwaterapplications
【摘要】:Anessentialrequirementofhydrogeologistsinevaluatingthehydraulicpropertiesofasegmentofearthmaterialsistodefineandmaphydrogeologicunits,aquifers,andconfiningunits,whicharedeterminedonthebasisofrelativepermeability.Discussionofthehydrogeologicunitsisfacilitatedbyindividualdesignations(seePracticesD5409,D5434,andD5474).Determinationsofhydrogeologicunitsarebasedonindirectmethods,knowledgeofthegeologicmaterials(geologicmapping,surfacegeophysicalsurveys,boreholegeophysicallogs,drill-cuttingsandcoredescriptions,andsoforth),andhydraulictesting(aquifertests,laboratorypermeabilitytestsoncoresamples,andsoforth).Thephysicalpropertiesofallrockunitswillchangeiftracedlaterallyandvertically.Therockunitsarebrokenbyunconformitiesandfaults,whichmayormaynotaffecttheflowofground-water.Theprocessofdesignatingandnamingaquifersandconfiningunits,therefore,isasomewhatsubjectiveundertaking,and,ifnotthoroughlydocumented,canleadtoconfusion.Guidelinesfornamingaquiferscanhelpavoidsomeoftheconfusionandproblemsassociatedwithhydrogeologicstudiesiftheguidelinesarestraightforwardtoapply,flexible,andapplicabletostudiesofavarietyofscalesfromsite-specifictoregional.Theguidelinesthatfollowincludediscussionsoftheterminologyofaquifernomenclature,thedefinitionofthehydrogeologicframework,thesuggestedproceduresfornamingaquifers,andexamplesofnamingaquifers.Theseguidelineshaveresultedfromnumerousdiscussionsonthesubjectofaquifernomenclatureamonghydrogeologists.Althoughunanimousagreementontheseproposalshasnotbeenachieved,theexercisesprovidedanextremelyusefulpurposeincreatingadditionalthoughtanddiscussion.1.1Thisguidecoversaseriesofoptionsbutdoesnotspecifyacourseofaction.Itshouldnotbeusedasthesolecriterionorbasisofcomparisonanddoesnotreplaceorrelieveprofessionaljudgement.1.2Thisguidecontainsinstructionsandsuggestionsforauthorsofground-water(hydrogeologic)reportsinassigningappropriatelyderivedandformattedaquifernomenclature.Discussedarethewater-bearingunitsthatmayrequirenameidentification,whichare,rankedfromlargesttosmallest,aquifersystem,aquifer,andzone.Guidanceisgivenonchoosingthesourceofaquifernames,thosearefromlithologicterms,rock-stratigraphicunits,andgeographicnames.1.3Includedareexamplesofcomparisonchartsandtablesthatcanbeusedtodefinethehydrogeologicframework.Illustrationsofelevendifferenthypotheticalaquifersettingsarepresentedtodemonstratethenamingprocess.1.4Categoriesofitemsnotsuggestedasasourceofaquifernamesarereviewedbecause,althoughtheyshouldbeavoided,theyoccurinpublisheddocuments.Thesecategoriesarethefollowing:time-stratigraphicnames,relativeposition,alphanumericdesignations,depositionalenvironment,depthofoccurrence,acronyms,andhydrologicconditions.1.5Confiningunitsarediscussedwiththesuggestionthattheseunitsshouldnotbenamedunlessdoingsoclearlypromotesanunderstandingofaparticularaquifersystem.Suggestedsourcesofnamesforconfiningunitscorrespondtothoseforaquifernames,whicharelithologicterms,rock-stratigraphicunits,andgeographicnames.1.6Itissuggestedthatinreportsthatinvolvehydrogeology,theauthorshouldconsiderfirstnotnamingaquifers(see6.2).